![]() ![]() ![]() Also, be sure to check the datasheet, as you may find graphs you can use to compare with your test measurements. Keep these points in mind if you’re contemplating pulling components out the board and testing them manually, as you may end up needing to scrap the board entirely. You generally will not be able to easily re-solder the component if the part turns out to be working properly. For components with fine-pitch BGAs, you need to uniformly heat the component with a heat gun to pull off the component. For very small components, like 0402 passives, it can be difficult to pull the component off without leaving some leftover solder, which could bridge the pads on the board. This is a sensitive task, as once you remove the component, you might not be able to re-solder it. Unfortunately, removing a component from the board is easier said than done. Some on-board tests of a PCBA can be performed with a multimeter If you can remove the component, you can place it into an SMD test fixture or breadboard and check its electrical behavior with a test circuit or probe system. Passives, transistors, electromechanical components (e.g., relays), connectors, and simple logic circuits can’t be properly tested with a multimeter to assess a component failure, and must be removed because every other feature on the board will become part of your test circuit. ![]() You won’t be able to do any probe-based tests directly when the component is on the board. In this case, unless the component was placed in a socket, the component is already soldered onto the board and will need to be removed. How can you test an electronic component once you’ve narrowed it down to a potential part failure? You can certainly pull out your trusty multimeter and start taking some resistance measurements, but this is only useful for tracking voltage throughout the board. Sometimes, when you’re working through debug tasks while working on a new board, you might narrow down a board failure to a potentially faulty component. Testing During Debug and Board Bring-Upīoard bring-up can be a nerve-wracking experience, especially when you start to suspect a component failure. More often, an individual designer will need to perform manual testing during board bring-up. These tests are only cost-effective in high-volume manufacturing, so they are generally not performed during prototyping runs. These system-level tests are often used to identify failed PCBAs or individual components, and design changes can be recommended by your manufacturer. Thermal cycling and thermal shock testing.High reliability applications, such as aerospace and automotive systems, may require additional testing under various safety and industry standards. These additional reliability tests or debug tests can help identify faulty components and assemblies, and designers can determine potential design changes that may be needed to ensure high reliability. While components go through a battery of tests before they make it into your PCBA, there are some instances where additional testing is needed. Semiconductor wafer with ICs undergoing testing This includes semiconductor manufacturers and passive component manufacturers, which comprise nearly all the components in typical circuit boards. This means products at all levels will go through a battery of tests to ensure reliability and functionality. ![]() If you know anything about the electronics industry, you’ll know it is very risk-averse and tends to place high standards on quality. Keep reading to learn how to test electronic components without creating excessive work for yourself. As we’ll see, it doesn’t always make sense to fully test electronic components, as some board failures can masquerade as component failures. If you know how to test electronic components and also understand when to administer these tests, you can save yourself a lot of time and headache. It’s natural to suspect that a faulty component is to blame, but this isn’t always the case. What happens next is a long series of troubleshooting steps to try and locate the source of the problem. There comes a point in every designer’s career where they receive a batch of assembled boards and none of them seem to work. ![]()
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